Based on the advantages of tumor specificity and immunogenetics, neoantigens can become new targets for cancer immunotherapy, including tumor vaccines, ACTs, and antibody-based therapies. Neoantigens include individualized neoantigens for each patient or common neoantigens expressed across many patient cancers. Since personalized neoantigens are patient-specific, they cannot be used to target large numbers of patients. With recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, personalized neoantigens enable the immune system to target appropriate immunogenic epitopes of malignancies in the absence of predefined public antigens.
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